一、技术简介

zhuyaozuzhixiangrongxingfuheti（major histocompatibility complex, mhc）shiyiqunjinmiliansuobingchengxiangaoduduotaixingdejiyinqundetongcheng，qibianmadefenzicanyukangyuandicheng，zhiyuexibaojianxianghushibiejiyoudaomianyiyingda。rendemhcjichenghla（human leucocyte antigen），jirenleibaixibaokangyuan，wei6haoransetiduanbeiyiduanyue3.6mdecanyumianyifanyingdeduotaixingquyu，shiqijinyizhijiyinzhongdengweijiyinduotaixingjiaogaodejiyinfuheti，youjishigejiyinzuowei，meigejiyinzuoweiyouyoujishigedengweijiyin，qiechenggongxianxingbiaoda。youyumhcjiyinweiyutongyitiaoransetishang，qiduojiyinzuoweishangdejiyinxingzuhexiangduiwending，henshaofashengtongyuanransetijianjiaohuan，zheijiugouchengleyidanyuanxing(haplotype，jizaitongyitiaoransetishangjinmiliansuodeyixiliedengweijiyindeteshuzuhe)weitezhengdeyichuan。

hlakangyuanduotaixingjiancezaiyixueshijianhekeyanzhongjuyoushifenzhongyaodeyiyi。yuhlaxiangguandejibingduoda100duozhong，shejizishenmianyixingjibing、mianyiquexianxingjibing、guominxingjibing、ganranleijibing、daixiexingjibingdeng，rutangniaobing，leifengshixingguanjieyan，yinxiebing、qiangzhixingjizhuyan、zhongzhengjiwulihexiaochuandeng。tongshi，hlazaiqiguanhegusuidengyizhizhongqidaozhiguanzhongyaodezuoyong，yeyuxuduoyaowudeyanzhongbuliangfanyingxiangguan。yinci，jinxinghlafenxing，youliyumianyixiangguanjibingdeyanjiu、yimiaoheyaowubaxiangrenqunshaixuan、zhongzujinhuadeyanjiu、zuzhiheqiguanyizhideng。

muqiananbiqitigongjiyuxinyidaicexu（ngs）defangfa，shiyongillumina miseqxitongjinxinggaofenbianlvhlafenxing，yibankeyijiance11geweidian，jihla -a, -b, -c, -drb1, -drb3, -drb4, -drb5, -dqa1, -dqb1, -dpa1, he -dpb1，congertigongdengweijiyinhuodengweijiyinzuhe。gaijishukeyijianggaofenbianlvhlafenxingdechengbenjiangdidaochangyongdedifenbianlvhuozhongdengfenbianlvfangfadechengben，tongshibaozhengfangfaheyingyongdedengxiaojiandanxing。

二、方法构建

传统的HLA分型以血清学和细胞学方法为主，HLA基因分型技术是近年来发展起来的一种分子生物学技术。目前HLA基因分型主要运用PCR技术，结合等位基因特异的寡核苷酸(allele-specific oligonucleotide，AS0ASO)或序列特异的寡核苷酸探针(sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes, SSO)对HLA系统进行DNA分型。通过二代测序数据分析进行HLA分型，可获得小至单个SNV 基因型的多态性，大至单体型信息。通过捕获测序技术，可针对MHC区域进行捕获，使得测序深度和准确性更高。HLA分型的分辨率可以分为以下四类：
a. 2位为等位基因；
b. 4位为特定HLA 蛋白质；
c. 6位为特定HLA 编码序列(CDS)；
d. 8位特定的HLA 基因序列包括未翻译区和内含子。

三、技术原理

jiyuyexiangdnatanzhenzajiaobuhuojishu，tongguoshengwusubiaojidednatanzhenyuhlaquyujiyindnaxuliejinxingyexiangzajiaobuhuojigaoxiaofuji，jingpcrxianxingkuozenghoujinxingwenkuzhijian，hegejikezaiilluminapingtaishangjinxinggaotongliang、gaoshenducexu，tongguoshengwuxinxixuefenxiwanchenghlafenxing。

四、技术优势

1. zhunquexinggao：fenxingjingduyibanwei4wei，kegaoda8weijingdufenxing。

2. wendingxinghao：xiangbiyuxueqingfahexibaofajuyougenghaodewendingxing。

3. buhuolvgao：buhuoxiaolv60%-70%（buhanceyiqu）/buhuoxiaolv95%（baohanceyiqu）。

4. fugaidugao：fugaiduda97.22%，qiefugaijunyixinghao，tuijiancexushendu≥100x。

5. zhenduixingqiang：zhenduihlaquyudnaxuliejinxingbuhuocexu，wuxutongguoquanjiyinzucexuhuowaixianzicexujinxinghlafenxing，genggaoxiao。

五、应用领域

1. shiyuyizhimianyixiangguandejibinghuoteshujibingdeyanjiu。

2. shiyulinchuangyizhidegaofenbianpeixing。

3. shiyongyuhlakeyanxiangmuheyanjiuqiyichuanbianyi。